The lab studies the physiology and biochemistry of deep sea microorganisms, with an emphasis on carbon and nitrogen metabolism, to better understand their role in mediating local and global biogeochemical cycles, the physiological relationships (such as nutrient exchange and immune responses) between microbes and animals in deep sea environments. The lab applies traditional and modern geochemical and molecular approaches, and develop new techniques as necessary, to interrogate how physiological and biochemical adaptation enable organisms to flourish in hypoxic or anoxic environments.